Businesswonder.com Home Page

Type of Business Organizations

A Business Organization can be a:

            Registration Procedure of a Private Limited Company

            Returns to be Filed by a Private Limited Company

            Registration Procedure of a Public Limited Company

            Returns to be Filed by a Public Limited Company


Type of Charitable Organisations


Sole Proprietorship form of Business

A Sole Proprietorship form of business can be established by a single person with minimum amount of capital. In this form of business complete control of the business, profit/loss and complete business risk will be with the sole proprietor only. This type of entity is useful for small businesses. In this form of business the individual and his firm are considered as single entity for taxation purpose.

Top


Partnership form of Business

A Partnership form of business can be established by two or more persons by creating partnership deed.

Registration of Partnership Deed

In India, it is not compulsory to Register a Partnership deed. But an un registered partnership have some disadvantages in the eye of law. So it is better to register the deed with the Registrar. The Registrar of Partnership will issue a certificate of Registration to the applicant. Any modification in the partnership deed, whether it is retirement of partner, appointment of partner, death or any amendment should be informed to the Registrar of Partnership.

A Registered partnership firm has all the right to sue in a court of law in India. But in other countries there may be differences in rule.

If you want to avail our expert service to register a Partnership firm please write to us: contact@businessboss.com

Top


Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)

LLP is a  corporate business form that enables professional expertise and entrepreneurial initiative to combine and operate in flexible, innovative and efficient manner, providing benefits of limited liability while allowing its members the flexibility for organizing their internal structure as a partnership.

An LLP can be registered with the Registrar of Companies.

Registration Procedure

Designated Partner Identification Number (DPIN)

The persons interested to form a Limited Liability Partnership should apply for Designated Partner Identification Number (DPIN) from the Registrar of Companies. The DPIN application can be processed with the help of a Practicing Practicing Company Secretary or A Chartered Accountant.

 

Application for Allotment of Name

After approval of Designated Partner Identification (DPIN) by the Registrar of Companies, the application for availability of name can be filed. If the name choice is available the Registrar of Companies will give approval for the name.

Registration of Limited Liability Partnership

After approval of name by the Registrar, the application for Registration of Company can be filed with copy of Partnership Deed and other required forms and information. All these documents can be filed online with requisite fee.

If found satisfied the Registrar of Companies will give Certificate of Registration.

If you want to avail our expert service to register a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) please write to us: contact@businessboss.com 

Top


Private Limited Company

In India, it is compulsory to Register a Private Limited Company under the Indian Companies Act 1956. It can be registered by minimum of 2 members and maximum of 50 members. The services of a Practicing Company Secretary, Advocate or A Chartered Accountant can be availed to register the company. The object of the company should be clear before going for registration.

 

Registration Procedure of a Private Limited Company

Director Identification Number (DIN)

The persons interested to form a Private Limited Company should apply for Director Identification Number (DIN) from the Registrar of Companies. The DIN application can be processed with the help of a Practicing Practicing Company Secretary or A Chartered Accountant.

Application for Allotment of Name

After approval of Director Identification (DIN) by the Registrar of Companies, the application for availability of name can be filed in Form No. 1A. If the name choice is available the Registrar of Companies will give approval for the name.

Registration of Company

After approval of name by the Registrar, the application for Registration of Company can be filed in Form No. 1 along with copy of Memorandum of Association of the Company, Articles of Association of the Company, Form No. 32 for appointment of Directors, Form No. 18 for Registered office and other required forms and information. All these documents can be filed online with requisite fee.

If found satisfied the Registrar of Companies will give Certificate of Incorporation to the Company. 

Various Returns and Forms to be filed by Pvt Ltd Company

The Private Limited Companies are required to file various forms and returns with the Registrar of Companies from time to time.

Tax Returns to Income Tax Authorities

Returns to Registrar of Companies

Form No. 20-B - Annual Return

Form No. 23AC - Balance Sheet

Form No. 23ACA - Profit and Loss Account

Form No. 32 - Change in Directors

Form No. 18 - Change of Registered Office

Form No. 8   - Registration of Charge

Form No. 66- Compliance Certificate - If the paid up Share Capital of the Company Exceeds Rs. 10 lacs.

Any other form as per the statutory requirement of Indian Companies Act 1956.

If you want to avail our expert service to register a Private Limited company please write to us: contact@businessboss.com 

Top


Public Limited Company

A Public Limited Company can be registered by minimum of 7 person and there is no maximum limit of members. There are many advantages of registering a Limited company. A Limited company can be registered with Limited liability, which will protect the personal asset of the members in case of failure of business. The services of a Practicing Company Secretary, Advocate or A Chartered Accountant can be availed to register the company. The object of the company should be clear before going for registration. 

 

Registration Procedure of a Public Limited Company

Director Identification Number (DIN)

The persons interested to form a Private Limited Company should apply for Director Identification Number (DIN) from the Registrar of Companies. The DIN application can be processed with the help of a Practicing Practicing Company Secretary or A Chartered Accountant.

Application for Allotment of Name

After approval of Director Identification (DIN) by the Registrar of Companies, the application for availability of name can be filed in Form No. 1A. If the name choice is available the Registrar of Companies will give approval for the name.

Registration of Company

After approval of name by the Registrar, the application for Registration of Company can be filed in Form No. 1 along with copy of Memorandum of Association of the Company, Articles of Association of the Company, Form No. 32 for appointment of Directors, Form No. 18 for Registered office and other required forms and information. All these documents can be filed online with requisite fee.

If found satisfied the Registrar of Companies will give Certificate of Incorporation and Certificate of Commencement to the Company.  The Company cannot start business without certificate of Commencement of Business, even if it is registered with the Registrar of Companies.

 

Various Returns and Forms to be filed by a Public Limited Company

The Private Limited Companies are required to file various forms and returns with the Registrar of Companies from time to time.

Tax Returns

Returns to SEBI and other authorities in case of Listed Companies

To Registrar of Companies

Statutory Report of Statutory Meeting

Form No. 20-B - Annual Return

Form No. 23AC - Balance Sheet

Form No. 23ACA - Profit and Loss Account

Form No. 32 - Change in Directors

Form No. 18 - Change of Registered Office

Form No. 8   - Registration of Charge

Form No. 66- Compliance Certificate - If the paid up Share Capital of the Company Exceeds Rs. 10 lacs.

Any other form as per the statutory requirement of Indian Companies Act 1956.

If you want to avail our expert service to register a Public Limited company please write to us: contact@businesswonder.com 


Type of Charitable Organisations

Charitable Trust

Charitable Trust can be registered with the Registrar. Minimum of two members can create a Charitable Trust and there is no maximum limit. After Registration of a Charitable Trust approval u/s 12A can be obtained from Income Tax Department. Exemption u/s 80-G can also be availed from Income Tax Department for accepting donations from public.

Charitable Society

Minimum 7 or 8 people can form a Charitable Society and Register it with the Registrar of Societies. After Registration of a Society approval u/s 12A can be obtained from Income Tax Department. Exemption u/s 80-G can also be availed from Income Tax Department for accepting donations from public.

National Level Society

National Level Society can be set up by including members from any 8 states. National Level Society have wide acceptance for charitable activities and it is easy to get different facilities like allotment of land at discounted rate and other government aids.

 

Section 25 Companies

Section 25 Companies have wider acceptance in the society and before various authorities. These kind of companies have various privileges mentioned in Section 25 of Indian companies Act, 1956. Section 25 companies are those companies which are formed for the sole purpose of promoting commerce, art, science, religion, charity or any other useful object and have been granted a licence by the central government recognizing them as such. Such companies should intend to apply its profits, if any, or other income only in promoting its objects and must also prohibit payment of dividend to its members. Thus there are three criteria for determining whether a particular company is section 25 company or not:

1) Its objects should be only to promote commerce, art, science, religion, charity or any other useful object.

2) It should intend to apply its profits or other incomes only in promoting its objects; and

3) Central government should have granted a licence to such a company recognising them as such,

These types of companies can be either public company or private company having a limited liability. The biggest advantage of securing a licence from Central Govt. under section 25 is that such company is allowed to drop the word 'limited' or 'private limited' from their names. So these companies can continue to enjoy their stature as a Limited company without disclosing to the public whether the liability of its members is limited by share or guarantee. As these companies do not have the object of creating profits from its business activities and instead are indulged in activities useful to society the legislature intends to grant them some advantages and privileges on them for ensuring that such companies carry on their activities without undue hassles. Apart from enjoying many privileges and advantages they do have some obligations which they are required to adhere to.

Privileges and Advantages
The section 25 company enjoys all advantages that any other limited company registered under companies act enjoys. But apart from these advantages there are some specific privileges conferred upon them that distinguish them from other companies. These privileges are in nature of exemptions from some provisions of the companies act or apply with some modifications to section 25 company.

1) All companies having limited liability are required to use the term 'limited' or 'private limited' as the case may be in their names as required by section 13. But section 25 companies are allowed to dispense with the use of term 'limited' or 'private limited' from their names [sub-sec. (6)]. This helps the company to enjoy limited liability without disclosing to the public the nature of liability of its members.

2) A partnership firm is allowed to be a member of the section 25 company [sub-sec (4)] inspite of the fact that the law does not recognises them as a legal person. The only limitation in this regard is that on dissolution of such a firm its membership of the company ceases.

3) Minimum Share Capital: As per the provision of section 3 of the companies act a private company is required to have a minimum share capital of rupees one lakh and public company is required to have minimum share capital of five lakh rupees. However Section 25 Companies have been exempted from this requirement regarding minimum share capital by insertion of sub-section (6) through Amendment Act of 2000. As such they can be registered even if they have share capital les than the statutory minimum.

4) Publication of Name: By provisions of section 147 of the companies act every company registered under the act is required to paint or affix and to keep painted or affixed its name and address of its registered office on the outside of every office or place where its business is carried on in a conspicuous position and in easily legible letters. It is further required to have its name engraved in legible characters on its seal and is required to its name and address of its registered office mentioned in all its business letters, bill heads, letter papers, publications, bills, receipts, etc. However a section 25 company has been exempted from the provisions of this section and as such is not required to mention its name and address as required in case of all other companies.

5) Annual Returns of a Company not having Share Capital: Every company not having a share capital is required by provisions of section 160 to file within 60 days of every Annual General Meeting a return with the Registrar containing following particulars: i) address of its registered office; ii) names and address of its members with date on which they became members and names of members who ceased to be so from last AGM with date on which they left the company; and iii) particulars of persons who are Directors, Managers or Secretary of the company on the date of the return. Section 25 Company without a share capital is also required to file returns with the Registrar as required by section 160 but it has been exempted from mentioning the particulars of the members who are presently with the company or have ceased to be members since holding of its last AGM.

6) Time and Place of AGM: Every company registered under the companies Act is required by section 166(2) to hold its Annual General Meeting during business hours and on a day that is not a public holiday and has to be held at its registered office or at a place within the limits of city, town or village where its registered office is situated. Section 25 Company has been exempted from this provision provided the time place and date of the AGM has been decided before hand by the Board of Directors having regard to the direction given by the company in a General Meeting. As such they are free to determine the date, place and time of its AGM according to their convenience and feasibility the only condition being that time, place and date of such meeting should have been pre determined by the Board of Directors in accordance with directions of the company if any.

7) Notice of AGM: By virtue of section 171(1) a company is required to call AGM by giving not less than 21 dayss notice in writing to its members. Date on which meeting is to be held and date on which such a notice is served has to be excluded in computing the period of 21 dayss for purpose of section 171. But Section 25 Company has been given some relief in this regard by allowing them to hold an AGM after giving a notice of 14 days length instead of 21 dayss as required by section 171(1). Therefore they can call an AGM at a short notice of 14 days instead of 21 dayss.

8) Maintaining of Books of Accounts: Every company is required by section 209(4-A) to maintain books of accounts relating to a period of eight years immediately preceding current year alongwith its vouchers. However a Section 25 Company is required to maintain books of account relating to a period of only four years instead of eight years immediately preceding the current year.

9) Service of Copies of Certain Documents: A company is required to send a copy of every balance sheet (including profit and loss account) and other documents required by law to be laid before a company in the General Meeting to its members, debenture holders and debenture trustees atleast 21 dayss before the date on which such a meeting is to be held in accordance with section 219(1). But a Section 25 Company is allowed to send the required documents atleast fourteen days before the date of meeting instead of 21 dayss [vide Notification No. GSR 73 dated 30-12-1965].

10) Right of Persons other that Retiring Director to stand for Directorship: Section 257 deals with the procedure to be followed in case a person who is not a retiring director intends to stand for directorship of the company. If the Articles of the Section 25 Company provide for election of the Directors by ballot system then the provisions of section 257 will not apply to such a company and as a result a person who is not a retiring director and is intending to stand for directorship will not have to follow the procedure laid down by section 257. But if the Articles of the company do not provide for election of director by ballot then section 257 will have to be complied in whole.

11) Increase in Number of Directors: Under section 259 a public company is not allowed to increase the number of it directors beyond the permissible limits under its articles without the approval of Central Government provided such increase results in total number of directors to go beyond twelve. But Section 25 Companies are exempted from this section and are thus free to increase the number of its directors without seeking approval of central government [vide Notification No. 2767, dated 5-8-1964].

12) Filing of Consent for Directorship: Every person who intends to stand for directorship in accordance with section 257 is required by section 264(1) to file with the company his consent to act as a director if he gets appointed as such. This section is meant for the persons who are seeking afresh appointment and not for those who are seeking reappointment as director. It ensures that a person does not refuse to act as director after his appointment on ground that his consent was not taken by the company. But sub-section (1) has been made non-applicable to the Section 25 Company and as such a person seeking appointment as director for first time need not file his consent in advance with the company for working as a director if appointed.

13) Board Meetings: Under section 285 the meeting of Board of Directors should be held atleast once in every three months and four meetings should be held in a year. However section 25 companies are required to hold meetings of Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Governing Committee only once in every six months [vide Notification No. SO 1578 dated 1-7-1968]. The rest of the section 285 will apply to section 25 companies as it is, therefore section 25 companies are allowed to hold Board meetings only once in six months but should have held four meetings in a year.

14) Quorum for Meetings: The required quorum for a board meeting of any company under section 287 is one/third of its total strength which is arrived at after deducting the number of interested directors from the total number of directors on the Board or atleast two whichever is higher. But the section 25 company is exempt from this section to the extent that the required quorum for any board meeting is eight members or one/fourth of its total strength whichever is less provided it should not be less than two members in any case.

15) Exercise of certain Powers: Under section 292 there are certain specified powers which a Board of Directors of the concerned company can exercise only by passing of resolution at the meeting. The Board can exercise all other powers by passing of resolutions by circulation instead of taking them at meetings by following the procedure specified in section 289 of the Act. However section 25 companies are allowed to decide following three matters by passing a resolution by circulation instead of at meetings:

· the power to borrow moneys other than on debentures,

· the power to invest funds of the company, and

· the power to make loans.

The remaining powers specified in section 292 viz., power to make calls on shareholders in respect of money unpaid on their shares; power to authorise by back of shares in accordance with section 77A; and power to issue debentures, can be exercised only by passing of resolutions at duly conducted meeting of Board of Directors of section 25 company [vide Notification No. 2767, dated 5-8-1964].

16) Disclosure of Interest: Under section 297 a company is not allowed to enter into contract for (i) purchase, sale or supply of any goods, material or services; or (ii) for underwriting subscription of any shares in or debentures of company, with a director of the company; or his relative; or a firm in which such a director or relative is a partner; or a partner in such a firm; or a private company in which such director is member or director unless consent of the Board of Directors has been obtained before entering into such contract[sub-sec. (1)]. If any of the persons or entity mentioned above regularly trades or does business in the subject matter of contract and such contract is made for cash at prevailing market prices then consent of Board is required only in those cases where cost of such contract exceeds five thousand rupees aggregate in a particular year[sub section (2)]. Consent of Board can be obtained within three months from date on which such contract is entered into if there arises some urgent necessity even if cost or value of such contract exceeds rupees five thousand in a year.[sub-sec. (3)]. Section 299 lays down the circumstances when disclosure of interests by Directors of the company is mandatory and procedure in regard to such disclosure. It directs a director to disclose his interest (direct or indirect) or concern in any contract or arrangement made or proposed by the company at the first meeting of Board when such contract is being considered or at first meeting held after he became interested in a contract already entered into by the company. But in case of section 25 companies section 299 applies only to the matters covered by sub-section (1) and (3) of section 297. It follows that section 25 companies are allowed to enter into contracts or arrangements with all of the persons or entity mentioned earlier if such person or entity regularly does trade or business in the subject matter of such contract or arrangement and cost of such contract is made at prevailing market prices without seeking the consent of the Board of Directors even if the cost of such contract exceeds five thousand rupees aggregate in a year. Hence section 25 companies are allowed to conduct trade or business with private companies, firms or persons where some director may be having an interest provided such private company, firm or person regularly does trade or business in such a contract without seeking approval of Board again and again where the cost of such contracts exceeds five thousand rupees in a particular year in which such a contract is entered or seeking approval of central government where share capital of the company exceeds one crore rupees.

17) Maintenance of Registers of Contracts: Under section 301 a company is required to maintain register of all the contracts to which section 297 or 299 applies. But a section 25 company is exempt to the extent that it allowed to maintain register of only those contracts to which sub-sections (1) and (3) of section 297 apply. Thus they are exempted from maintaining registers of those contracts which are made in pursuance of sub-section (2) of section 297 or are covered by section 299.

18) Maintenance of Register of Directors: Under section 303 of the companies act every company is required to maintain a register containing particulars of its Directors, Managing Directors, Managers and Secretary in manner prescribed in sub-section (1). These companies are further required to send to the Registrar of Company a duplicate in prescribed form containing all particulars of such register and a notification in duplicate informing the Registrar of nay changes among its Directors, Managing Directors, Managers or Secretary within 30 days of such changes or appointment of First Directors of the company [sub-sec. (2)]. Section 25 company has been exempted from operation of sub-section (2) of section 303 and as such they are not required to notify changes among its directors, etc to the Registrar. They are only required to maintain Registers of their Directors, Managing Directors, Managers and Secretary in prescribed format containing specified particulars and updating the register by making changes in it as when there is some change among the Directors, Managing Directors, Managers and Secretary of the company.

19) Qualification for Secretaryship: Every company registered under the companies act is required to have a Secretary as defined under section 2(45) and having prescribed qualifications as laid down in the companies act itself and in Companies (Appointment and Qualifications of Secretary) Rules, 1988 and is required to be appointed in accordance with Chapter IV (sections 383-A) of the companies act. However a Section 25 Company is exempt from the provision of section to the extent that the rules regarding the qualification of a Secretary do not apply to them [vide Notification NO. F.2/3/76-CLV dated 09-01-1976]. As section 2(45) do not apply to them they are free to appoint any person as its Secretary whom it feels fit and proper for the same.

20) Applicability of CARO: Section 25 Companies are exempted from applicability of Companies Auditor's Report Order 2003(CARO). CARO has been made applicable to all companies from 1st January 2004. But CARO expressly exempts section 25 companies from its applicability vide Clause 2(iii) of Para I of the Order.

21) Payment of Registration Fees: The fees payable by a Section 25 Company at the time of registration and further increase of its share capital has been kept very low in comparison to other companies and is at present fixed at mere Rs. 50/- irrespective of the authorized amount of share capital (Circular No. 6 dated 24-06-1996 and Notification No. SO 3879 dated 22-12-1962)

22) Stamping of Memorandum and Articles: The Articles and Memorandum of a Section 25 Company are not required to be stamped in accordance with the Indian Stamp Act, 1899.


Obligations
Though a Section 25 Company has many advantages and enjoys many privileges yet there are some statutory obligations which are required to be complied with and taken care of by such companies.

1) A Section 25 Company has to ensure that its profits and all other incomes are utilised only for the purpose of promoting its objects and not for any other purpose.

2) It should also ensure that its profits are not distributed as dividend among its members.

3) Section 25 Company cannot alter its objects clause in its Memorandum without seeking the written approval of central government [sub section (8)].

4) If the Central Government has imposed some conditions and regulations upon the company for granting a licence under section 25 then such a company is bind by such conditions and has to ensure adequate compliance with them. Where such conditions and regulations have been imposed then such conditions and regulations are required to be included in the Articles or/and memorandum of the company as may be directed by the government.

5) Section 25 Company is regarded as a 'company' within the meaning of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and as such its income is taxable according to the applicable rates similar to those applying to other companies.

6) If an existing company obtains a licence under section 25 it has to ensure that its objects are confined to those mentioned in section 25 itself and if not make proper alteration to its memorandum and articles.

Apart from above mentioned privileges a Section 25 Company enjoys all other advantages that a company registered under the companies act has after incorporation. Similarly it is required to comply with all other provisions of the Act just like any other normal company from which it has not been expressly exempted. As such it will be subject to penalties if there is a default in compliance with any of the provision of the Companies Act. Such a default can also result in revocation of the licence granted by the central government under section 25.

Top

About Us | Contact Us | Terms and Conditions | Disclaimer | Privacy Policy | Sitemap